Term/Expression
|
Language
|
Meaning
|
adat-istiadat
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
traditions,
customs
|
alifuru
|
Moluccas
|
native,
indigenous
|
Amang
Kasuruan Wangko'
|
Minahasa
|
The
Great Father Source of Life
|
apar
|
Minahasa
|
to
tend and cultivate a piece of land
|
apo'
also
opo'*
|
Minahasa
|
ancestor;
God
|
assa
|
Minahasa
|
local
plant
(saccharum
spontaneum)
|
awahat
|
Minahasa
|
west
wind
|
bangsa
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
nation
|
Bhineka
Tunggal Ika
|
Sanskrit
|
unity
in diversity; various yet one; diverse, but united
|
borgo
|
Manado
Malay
|
multi-ethnic
descendants, usually of European and local origin
|
conquistador
|
Spanish
|
conqueror;
conquering (adj.)
|
cultuurstelsel
|
Dutch
|
compulsory
coffee cultivation
|
dikaiosune
|
Greek
|
righteousness
and justice
|
dewa-dewi
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
male
and female deities
|
dotu-dotu
|
Manado
Malay
|
forebears
|
empung
|
Minahasa
|
ancestor,
lord; Lord
|
Empung
Renga-rengan
|
Minahasa
|
the
Ever-Present Lord
|
Empung
Wa'ilan Wangko'
|
Minahasa
|
the
Great and Abundant Lord
|
endo
also edo
|
Minahasa
|
sun
|
esa
|
Minahasa
|
one
|
eschaton
(tou chronou)
|
Greek
|
the
end of time
|
ethnos
|
Greek
|
a
nation or people associated with common ancestry or descent,
shared homeland, culture, etc.
|
euangelion
|
Greek
|
gospel,
good news
|
fetor
or
petor
|
Manado
Malay
|
Spanish
official
|
Gereja
Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM)
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
The
Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa
|
guru
jemaat
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
local
church leader and teacher of the congregation
|
hodegeo
|
Greek
|
to
guide
|
hodegesis
|
(technical
term) adopted into Bahasa
|
cross-cultural,
christocentric, hermeneutical approach to the Scripture, utilizing
methods of interpretation, but primarily focusing on theological
aspects, with technical apparatus in the margin, aimed at
connecting the local traditions, the context, and the community of
believers
|
hulptroepen
|
Dutch
|
Minahasan
personnel in the Dutch army
|
identitas
|
Bahasa
(technical
term)
|
“Idiosyncratic
characteristics” that represent one's belonging to a categorical
ethnic group
|
Indische
Kerk
|
Dutch
|
The
Protestant Church of the East Indies
|
Injil
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
Gospel
|
Kaendoan
|
Minahasa
|
the
Morning Star; Venus
|
kalewo'an
|
Minahasa
|
evildoing
(Bahasa, kejahatan)
|
Karema
|
Minahasa
|
A priest figure in
Zazanian ni Karema*
|
kaselokan
|
Minahasa
|
wrongdoing
(Bahasa, pelanggaran)
|
kasuat
tou
|
Minahasa
|
fellow
neighbor, fellow human being
|
kasuruan
|
Minahasa
|
ancestor,
lord; Lord
|
kawanua
|
Minahasa
|
compatriots
|
kawengian
|
Minahasa
|
the
darkness of the night or dark moon; the name of Lumimuut's father
|
kenaramen
|
Minahasa
|
traditions,
customs
|
keter
|
Minahasa
|
see
mawai*
|
Kerapatan
Gereja Protestan Minahasa (KGPM)
|
Bahasa
|
Minahasa
Protestant Church Assemblies
|
Kongres
Minahasa Raya
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
The
Pan-Minahasa Congress
|
Koninklijk
Nederlands Indisch Leger
(KNIL)
|
Dutch
|
The
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
|
kotulus
|
Minahasa
|
traditional
doctor
|
kumuru
e Minaesa!
|
Minahasa
|
get
down Minaesa!
|
laïcité
|
French
|
French
secularism
|
Levensverzekering
Maatschappij Indonesia
|
Dutch
|
Indonesia
Life Insurance Company (might be the first public use of the word
“Indonesia” in the Netherlands East Indies)
|
lisung
|
Minahasa
|
mortar,
carved wood/stone to pound rice
|
Lokon
Telu
|
Minahasa
|
the
three peaks of the sacred mountains: Empung, Tatawiran, and Kasehe
|
maesa
or
maasa
|
Minahasa
|
to
unite, to become one
|
Maengket
|
Minahasa
|
Minahasan
traditional dance
|
Malesung
|
Minahasa
|
a
name for ancient Minahasa
|
mangasin
|
Minahasa
|
making
salt; se mangasin:
salt maker
|
Mangorai
|
Minahasa
|
a
posan*
associated with land fertility and ancestry
|
manguni
|
Minahasa
|
owl
|
Makarua
Siouw
|
Minahasa
|
the
Two Times Nine: 18 ancestors regarded as the children of Toar and
Lumimuut, also symbolizing the
office of walian*
|
Makatelu
Pitu
|
Minahasa
|
the
Three Times Seven: 21 ancestors regarded as the grandchildren of
Toar and Lumimuut, also symbolizing the office of tona'as*
|
mapalus
|
Minahasa
|
mutual
cooperation
|
Mapalus
Mesiani
|
Minahasa/Manado
Malay
|
Messianic
Mapalus
|
mapendang
|
Minahasa
|
teacher
in the Minahasan traditional education system
|
masuat
peleng
|
Minahasa
|
all
are the same, equal
|
mawai
also
keter*
|
Minahasa
|
physical
strength to
overcome challenges, also connotes economic strength
|
mengelot
|
Minahasa
|
traditional
doctor
|
mengundam
|
Minahasa
|
traditional
doctor
|
meniwo
|
Minahasa
|
one
who uses one's knowledge to impinge others with misfortune such as
sickness, failure, etc.
|
metetamberan
or
metetaberan
|
Minahasa
|
freely
giving to one another
|
minaesa
or
minaasa
|
Minahasa
|
have
become one, united
|
Minawanua
|
Minahasa
|
once
a dwelling place; the
capital of the Tondano people, demolished by the Dutch army and
local allies in 1809
|
mythos
|
Greek
|
(1)
a speech, word, saying; (2) a narrative, story: a) a true
narrative, b) a fiction, a fable; universally, an invention,
falsehood. In this thesis: a fiction or fable
|
nama
Sarani
|
Manado
Malay
|
Christian
name given at baptism
|
Nederlandsch
Zendelinggenootschap
(NZG)
|
Dutch
|
Netherlands
Missionary Society
|
nenek
moyang
|
Bahasa
|
ancestors
|
neumanen
|
Minahasa
|
a
bed-time story with animal or human characters
|
Ngaasan
also
sigha'*
|
Minahasa
|
the
capability to take care of the ro'ong*/wanua*;
managerial skill/leadership
|
niatean
|
Minahasa
|
|
opo'
also
apo',*
|
Minahasa
|
ancestors;
God
|
Opo'
Mana en Atas also
Opo' Wana en
Atas
|
Minahasa
|
God
in the Above/Sky/Heaven
|
pahayoan
|
Minahasa
|
student
in the Minahasan traditional school
|
pahasaan
or
paasaan
|
Minahasa
|
union;
a group of walaks*
of the same group
|
pakasaan
|
Minahasa
|
entirety;
a group of walaks*
of the same group
|
Pancasila
|
Bahasa/Sanskrit
|
the
Five Principles, Nation-state philosophy of the Republic of
Indonesia
|
papendangan
|
Minahasa
|
the
traditional school in Minahasan society
|
paradosis
|
Greek
|
tradition
|
paraklete
|
Greek
|
comforter
(Bahasa, penghibur);
a title for the Holy Spirit
|
paripurna
|
Bahasa
|
complete,
perfect
|
paopo'on
|
Minahasa
|
to
revere one as an ancestor
|
Pasiouwan
Telu
|
Minahasa
|
the
Ninth Three: the third order of the offspring of To'ar Lumimuut,
symbolizing the people of Minahasa
|
Patu'usan
or
potu'usan
|
Minahasa
|
the
advisory council in the community
|
peli'i
|
Minahasa
|
rituals;
see posan*
|
pemanuaan
|
Minahasa
|
traditional
school subject pertaining to land/territory
|
pemosanan
|
Minahasa
|
traditional
school subject pertaining to Minahasan ethnic religion
|
pengucapan
syukur
|
Bahasa/Manado
Malay
|
festivals
of thanksgiving following the harvest time in Minahasa
|
pengumaan
|
Minahasa
|
traditional
school subject pertaining to agriculture
|
pengundaman
|
Minahasa
|
traditional
school subject pertaining to medicine
|
Permesta
(Perjuangan Rakyat Semesta)
|
Indonesia/Manado
Malay
|
All
People Struggle Movement 1958-1961 in East Indonesia
|
pinawetengan
e nuwu wo pinawetengan um posan
|
Minahasa
|
the
allotment of languages and rituals
|
posan
|
Minahasa
|
rituals
in Minahasan ethnic religion
|
poso
also
foso
|
Manado
Malay
|
see
posan*
|
puyun
|
Minahasa
|
grand
children; offspring
|
puyun
im puyun or
puyun-makapuyun
|
Minahasa
|
children
and the children of their children
|
ra'ar
|
Minahasa
|
sunny,
solar heat
|
ro'ong
also
wanua*
|
Minahasa
|
village
|
rumaghes
|
Minahasa
|
a
posan*
in Minahasan ethnic religion accompanied with sacrifice such as
food, drink, and betel nut.
|
rumopa
|
Minahasa
|
sago
maker
|
sago-sago
|
Minahasa
|
a
kind of spear
|
sapientia
|
Latin
|
wisdom
|
scientia
|
Latin
|
science
|
si
apo' nimema' in tana'
|
Minahasa
|
the
ancestor who made the land (of Minahasa); reference to Lumimuut
|
Si
Empung Wa'ilan
|
Minahasa
|
The
Almighty; Lord of Abundance
|
Si
Mapiara
|
Minahasa
|
The
Care-giver of Life
|
si
tou timou tumou tou
|
Minahasa
|
a
person lives to give life to others; or a human
lives to humanize others
|
Sola
Scriptura
|
Latin
|
by
Scripture alone (one
of the basic teachings of the Reformation)
|
sumungkul
wo sumampet mauri
|
Minahasa
|
a
posan*
that requires the obtaining of a human head as a symbol of
bravery, which later due to colonial government's prohibition was
substituted with an object smeared with animal blood
|
tamber
or
taber
|
Minahasa
|
to
give something without any expectation in return or reciprocity
|
tanam
paksa
|
Bahasa
|
see
cultuurstelsel*
|
Tasikela
|
Minahasa
|
local
designation for the Spaniards
|
teterusan
|
Minahasa
|
commander-in-chief
in war
|
teto'uan
makatana'
|
Minahasa
|
the
knowledge of the owner of the land; indigenous knowledge
|
Toar
and Lumimuut
|
Minahasa
|
two
symbolic Minahasan ancestral figures as sung in the Zazanian
ni Karema*
|
tona'as
|
Minahasa
|
community
leaders and experts (civil or military)
|
torang
samua basudara
|
Manado
Malay
|
we
all are brothers and sisters
|
to'tok
|
Minahasa
|
cutting
something into small pieces
|
tou
|
Minahasa
|
Noun:
a person (sg.); people, ethnic group (pl.)
Verb:
grow, live
Adverb:
like, similar to
|
tou
Minahasa
|
Minahasa
|
people
of Minahasa
|
tu'is
|
Minahasa
|
local
plant (amomum album)
|
ukung
|
Minahasa
|
head
of a village
|
ukung
wangko'
|
Minahasa
|
walak*
leader,
chief
|
Si
Urang ni Empung
|
Minahasa
|
The
Child of God
|
Vereenigde
Oost-Indische Compagnie (V.
O. C.)
|
Dutch
|
United
East India Company
|
wangelei
|
Minahasa
|
ginger
|
wanua
|
Minahasa
|
village;
dwelling place
|
walak
|
Minahasa
|
cluster
of ro’ong*/wanua*
of
the same sub-ethnic group
|
waraney
|
Minahasa
|
warriors
|
walian
|
Minahasa
|
priest/priestess
|
Watu
Pinawetengan
|
Minahasa
|
Stone
of Allotment
|
wa'ilan
|
Minahasa
|
rich,
wealthy, abundant
|
wengi
|
Minahasa
|
evening;
the name of Lumimuut's mother
|
Zazanian
ni Karema
|
Minahasa
|
the
Song of Karema
|
NON-ENGLISH TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS
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